语法
时间副词从句
在某一时间点之前:before
- 若从句在主句之前,则需要用逗号隔开;
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F454346e4-ea29-46b8-94c4-37a94f2e4649%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=da78b8c3-c5e6-405b-8890-4a1b1ac159dd&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fdfbc712c-7203-4e6e-adb0-412f0932b2d4%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=9954a4dc-2c22-4918-b1c9-a7caf4adbbef&cache=v2)
在某一时间点之中:when,while,as
例句
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fd71c41bb-5e42-4026-932e-7cb49c1b945a%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=f51776ed-e6c3-4767-9130-294167504d60&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F00d79424-3d86-4b7f-865e-9e3fdcc28fa4%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=7cd6e7cd-765a-4be7-85db-cad8f50780ea&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fdf4e0bde-3782-4081-a422-2bb581311f57%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=212b426d-dcb2-43e4-84e1-18d7637f2d29&cache=v2)
区别
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F87499eee-1917-44ef-b010-f8446072bb31%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=4ea2350c-c1ac-49f4-81c5-fb66d3a32628&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Ffb66cde5-62d3-4caf-923d-8647ada37fd4%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=53977067-9b4e-4603-a735-89a9df1a0266&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fdb3699bd-d871-43d2-bfbd-b0d1870ee0bf%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=9d14441f-b34d-4ade-8379-16272d60c6a4&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fe6889aa1-043c-43b2-ba01-e55bec4a7501%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=88efba67-55a3-476e-b051-78a609b26098&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F7ce488b7-8979-4f97-81e4-70540159b9ed%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=fd4e19ce-d082-42cd-bae9-968f393623e1&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fe96d08d3-05ce-49c0-88ff-288912d100d9%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=39d8fe6c-c0c9-42b8-8297-a04d60cf25c2&cache=v2)
在某一时间点之后:after
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F8d0686c1-e1c5-4115-a5a5-6447d989605f%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=52ececf6-f6ee-4aab-93df-b833e80ad47c&cache=v2)
从之前某一时间点开始算:since
- 暗示对之后有影响
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F0b3b439e-98ba-45ef-9dd2-5eb932ddcd8b%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=3bba1496-12f5-4e76-b833-7b9029ac596a&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F66e92108-8d30-4acf-9d85-5778add5380f%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=69a17137-44e5-49b7-861a-644284fa2170&cache=v2)
知道之后某一时间点:until
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F65894648-d375-42a0-a8d9-1fff1da90310%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=0214c30b-c5ac-421f-ae5e-37833a98f59d&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F09d52690-8b74-4bb3-990b-879afe5e57aa%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=abbe415d-bf27-42ac-bd3c-107d75680d96&cache=v2)
一……就……:as soon as
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F4de82dfe-d437-40b7-a600-51842c717a6e%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=5b8637e3-27c5-416a-a76c-5309207f6038&cache=v2)
下次……:the next time
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Ffeebbe62-0359-43d1-bd51-64847aa631f7%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=252209f6-5a8e-4569-9f67-ecba61b760ef&cache=v2)
地点副词从句
引导词:where + “强调形式”(wherever、everywhere、anywhere)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F8f0608cd-3c87-4ba5-9bf1-2e316c393c7e%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=edc899b0-216b-4c79-9eab-d84be534cec0&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Ffd3a15d4-d885-4081-b666-7ff10cab0e1a%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=9d6b7293-5b20-4ff8-a288-100da2121876&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F6a63f6f1-a95e-47bc-a688-3e8d9d338950%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=21539b5c-7f69-445d-a7e2-956fed5efa8e&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fb67183eb-c720-4cd8-8569-cfe96a01a4f6%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=da9736f3-b4f1-4578-8787-a62c75f9a01e&cache=v2)
比较副词从句
- 形容词有比较级
更……
- 常见的比较用法是省略形式的,完整如下
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Feb4c29f9-a085-4b66-9b52-1e0c7bb67fb4%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=7d7eb15a-99ab-48c5-80ce-d21b92158dbc&cache=v2)
同样……
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F47830524-bf24-42e5-b2cd-645315e330b8%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=54bd319d-eec7-4e03-9c0d-09f0527b2531&cache=v2)
越……越……
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Ffdb85a59-38c5-4137-ac8f-89d18cb6252e%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=85ad60c7-5934-48c0-9a6c-702ddd848540&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F2753bfcb-3210-4451-abc3-b3c026bc7e4e%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=59162762-8775-47e8-8384-1f5ccd5d172a&cache=v2)
条件副词从句
- 条件副词从句就是常见的条件句,条件句分为“真实条件句”和“虚拟条件句”(虚拟语气)
真实条件句
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fa2000f7a-18ad-49ab-a824-49af3d9e3751%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=73594e0a-c996-4fc4-92ed-86e946cf965c&cache=v2)
虚拟条件句
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Ff0a70251-4a01-4552-ae43-a5b8d48a3565%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=397f790c-9cd2-4ee2-8cfa-80e18eee07a5&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F67912af3-2bdc-4bc9-b614-515f0ea25c16%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=6503bd71-621d-496a-985d-ddf4914ef784&cache=v2)
- 虚拟语气中的过分词不表示时态,而是表示与事实相反的条件
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F6a5f5eb8-1a6f-4a0e-8e8c-9fb2a26301ac%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=db1e4001-7dc5-4f6d-8ec1-2450f3f75de1&cache=v2)
条件句中,主从句的时态
- 条件句中的时态一般比主句的时态落后一个时间段
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fa1bbac66-2e63-4117-bd98-a9642033e5ee%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=e9ad983c-f912-4c76-a709-b2fe06301855&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fded170af-e138-47da-8784-5102080e2aa3%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=20015b77-4ea5-4fa8-8900-e08fc140a568&cache=v2)
引导词unless
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F7694c2d1-15a1-4b14-9f5c-1f42d8a059f9%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=1ed39c07-1a2a-4e64-b75e-d2201f9f2f25&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fb1d40ef6-e079-48c2-8815-fc77d7d69e20%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=d45c14d5-6ee2-4fcd-ae41-76048be5c4f8&cache=v2)
其他引导词
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F7dc3678b-905c-425b-837c-01bcab8a8786%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=59e3b83f-bd1b-4d6b-a3c1-f6808d60715a&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F7049afed-2077-4eee-9f36-7c744e91c69b%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=e5e9f37a-084b-46f0-9cff-e7faae88e3fb&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F95cec12b-abc4-4df2-b325-98b1d877d028%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=4f64d533-39e0-4f21-8052-b4c47abf7b84&cache=v2)
让步副词从句
- 阐述某种情况或做出某种假设,之后会更进一步的做出一个相反或相对的阐述
条件和让步的区别
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F49018573-0f13-4cf3-bc50-b2be7cd6193b%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=19bf8046-0e18-4277-890c-1a6076872990&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F0b592ff2-6210-4df5-a278-f4f372126965%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=75180c14-6c88-4a96-a460-fdf4986ef8a4&cache=v2)
表假设的让步:即使/就算……也……
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F73bcf21e-74f6-4e79-96d1-587ec504bf5d%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=776aa3fe-783f-45d0-807f-269b168f190c&cache=v2)
表事实的让步:尽管……也……
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F7b0bcca4-bf8b-4d49-b7f1-88fc7c5ec92f%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=4d5c61c2-5934-41f3-ad78-6a1571185484&cache=v2)
- although也可以用though或even though代替。
注意:中文中有:“虽然/尽管……但是……”这样的表达,但是在英文中不能加but;因为although引导了从句,加上主句已经构成了复杂句,如果再加but这个连接词,那就是语法错误
表示未知的让步:不管……也……
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F7cb18a29-562a-41ea-bdd1-35bccb0fffb2%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=2442e1a8-3259-49b8-a3f5-1df4f54c5b1b&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F1e119148-eca1-486b-a37d-75285af72b15%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=3241050b-fc6e-4475-8b73-3c646f12e685&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F2d9cc5ad-8581-45bb-9b92-73b2eeff8dea%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=50885471-b157-4c37-a8e6-320937dbc525&cache=v2)
- no matter可以用regardless of替代。
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F05d8e8d8-2ce4-442d-9d5d-151f5b6915d8%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=c5f654d5-65f2-437f-9fd1-6dc7c77da58d&cache=v2)
方式副词从句
好像某事发生过的方式
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fb53a6549-e587-4d8b-890b-0c176b4b30a9%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=8da9ec32-d152-4a67-b5fa-48d5d7e86f81&cache=v2)
- 与虚拟语气的条件副词从句的区别
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F0335cd89-bc40-4535-b377-767ee1a155f6%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=623f7ab4-b4d6-409b-97c4-b6d1ccd8eba3&cache=v2)
- 虚拟语气的的条件副词从句表达的是,从句的条件成立,主句描述的事实才成立;
- 方式副词从句表达的是,即使从句的假设不成立,主句的事实都已经发生了。
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F6d8feea5-debb-43db-bf53-27950a95a39a%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=0519f0d2-88f0-4480-8e71-06ef3e2f1eb8&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F471fb7dd-a6ef-4632-b4c4-413eecb7692f%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=a70580b7-6fa4-45be-90b6-de735404bae1&cache=v2)
好像某事正在发生的方式
- 阐述某种事实
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fb7a52260-820f-4fe6-872f-0d936add9e39%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=66c156b7-eab5-4613-83c2-49c146da0220&cache=v2)
- 可以用形容词性从句来替代方式阐述
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F1ff45618-5cbf-42c8-9841-7544e3caf120%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=40faed8e-9883-42d1-8601-f1a4542a8011&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F78f7a49e-8d3e-4c7c-8f45-b3539bf49c0e%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=54ee8092-e244-4cd7-8698-ea34c6a8ea81&cache=v2)
原因副词从句
because引导
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fb9de361a-9c55-49a3-b947-8ee56e04a70b%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=407fb1ee-49d8-4175-ac00-0214a7d3c618&cache=v2)
- 不能用because……so……生物结构,因为because引导从句已经能够是结构完整,so是连接词,加上之后是语法错误
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F32cb8af9-26e6-4aad-8c15-280be9cff926%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=4ca9d535-cc48-4899-b5c8-7517e7ad896d&cache=v2)
since引导
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fe8f957a8-2826-49ea-b0ad-e88b373c1c75%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=c7497b06-693a-4b2d-a173-1ee105bea21f&cache=v2)
as引导
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fa5fda133-c323-4f2f-853d-ea35026ac4f4%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=6ebbe1cd-c839-49bb-b0dd-b4828dbd65c0&cache=v2)
以上三者的区别
1、因果/语气程度:because > since > as
because引出的是实实在在的因果关系
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F12839fa5-98e2-485b-9237-e5c24035a4d8%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=01efee0a-38e1-41e4-b69a-cb2611164b49&cache=v2)
since引出大家都知道的情况
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fc741c492-35d0-4a0d-85dd-f807c16a6e2d%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=f4125b4b-d119-4f84-9302-8da20399c8f7&cache=v2)
as引出显而易见的事实
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F8bc2e6a9-5886-4520-916a-51f2edad47ac%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=65b6cf24-74d3-40ab-b699-4edd896d789d&cache=v2)
2、语序区别
- because引导的从句在主句前面或后面都可以
- since和as引导的从句一般只能在主句之前
for也能在一定程度上表示因果关系,但是for并不能构成从句,而是并列句
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F0e79ac33-20b3-4701-aa00-b4ead162924f%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=64889b70-7f3c-4def-acdc-b2bb5fcdf1a7&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F0a5662bd-eb15-46ee-b9b7-205b8c81b093%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=a5c33881-66c7-4234-b82a-35d8b1f8b512&cache=v2)
目的副词从句
in order引导从句
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fe47b84e7-b44a-48ef-9b64-348fbf33d7d0%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=f0df542f-54a0-4c89-943f-632790449597&cache=v2)
so that引导从句
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Ff25313e0-cf1f-42f3-a860-f658cbdbca3f%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=00d3abf7-c959-4952-b598-13affb88f9e4&cache=v2)
- so that不能放在句首,也就是从句不能放在前面。
- 目的副词从句中,一般使用情态助动词,能更好的表达目的性,常见的有:can, could, may, might,should, would等。
结果副词从句
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F4b4c5cce-81a9-4eb2-9939-efa181bc40fb%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=d42c0008-194e-446b-a5df-bdcb32af3b13&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fc644f67d-e3c5-4526-bd40-2ea9fab03bfa%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=2868a52d-3a12-4161-b43c-ec566e66e81f&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fe6f20e38-c3d7-4949-9810-e43067617d30%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=803c2d1d-5260-4ad3-a9da-d748b849fdfc&cache=v2)
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fff01dffb-0206-46ce-831b-acc2d477051f%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=689d2748-edef-4714-9221-ea20bf9098d8&cache=v2)
目的副词从句和结果副词从句的区别:
- 目的从句:是主句的动作主动性的想去达成从句的目的。
- 结果从句:是主句的动作被动或无意的导致了从句的结果