英语十大词类——代词
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代词是指代名词或一句话的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词等。
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english-pronoun
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Jun 13, 2021
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英语
十大词类
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英语笔记
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Feb 28, 2024 01:09 PM
本文整理自B站【英语兔】的教学视频,感兴趣的朋友可以自行前往观看。
一、人称代词
1.1、人称代词的作用
- 相同的名词出现太多,为了防止重复
There is a rabbit. The rabbit is white. The rabbit is eating a carrot. The rabbit looks happy.
There is a rabbit. It is white. It is eating a carrot. It looks happy.
- 保持句子的完整性
- Who is he? Do you know?
- I don’t know. I thought you know him
1.2、人称代词的种类
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F8038b9ee-045b-4dc6-b33d-aaab4e8c8682%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=2d2c3320-cdcd-4cc7-8126-126933523412&cache=v2)
1.3、人称代词的“格”(主格/宾格)
- 在中文中,人称代词的主宾格相同(不区分主宾格)
- 我看见了他,他也看见了我
- 在英语中,人称代词在句中所扮演的角色不同,那它对应的“格”也会做相应的变化
- I saw him. He also saw me
1.4、常见易错
- you and I(作主语)
- You and I saw him
- you and me(做宾语)
- He saw you and me
二、物主代词
2.1、物主代词的作用
- 物主代词主要是表达所属关系,”属格“
2.2、物主代词的种类
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F1bb78a95-a760-458e-948d-bbaa946ce469%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=48ffed5f-5574-4f3a-8981-2763e4e7718e&cache=v2)
例句
It is my carrot. The carrot is mine.
三、反身代词
指代主体自身
常见反身代词
![notion image](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F68cfa67d-8c93-41c0-883d-d6aca23ff67d%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=048c5c63-daa1-4e17-8af3-e30a798d48f3&cache=v2)
四、强调代词
强调代词的样子和反身代词相同,但是强调代词在句中一般表强调
The rabbit washed himself.(反身代词,作宾语)
The rabbit washed the carrots himself.(强调代词,作状语)兔子自己洗了胡萝不
The rabbit will do it himself.(强调代词,作状语)兔子将亲自去做它
五、相互代词
两者之间用:each other
三者及以上:one another
六、指示代词(这/那)
6.1、指示代词种类
- this 这(离说话人较近)
- these 这些
- that 那(离说话人较远)
- those 那些
6.2、指示代词作用
- 做代词
- 限定范围,后接名词
- this rabbit
七、不定代词
不确定的代表名词多少的词
7.1、不知道可数名词的数量:有几个,一些,个把
- many rabbits
- a few + 名词复数 (表肯定的意义:一些)
- few + 名词复数 (表否定的意义:几乎没有)
7.2、不知道不可数名词的数量:少许,一些,很多
- much water
- a little + 不可数名词 (表肯定的意义:一些)
- little + 不可数名词 (表否定的意义:几乎没有)
7.3、some/any 可以接可数/不可数名词
some
- 一般用在肯定句中
- The rabbit needs some carrots
- 但是在疑问句中需要得到对方肯定的回答时也可以用some
- Would you like some coffee?
any
- 一般用在否定句/疑问句中,表示“一些”
- Does the rabbit need any carrots?
- 当any表示“任何一个”时,也可以用在肯定句中
- The rabbit can eat any carrot
7.4、each/every
表示“每”,后接单数
- each carrot
- every carrot
each
- 可以做代词,单独作主语
- There are many carrots. Each is big.
- 表示两个/两个以上的每一个
- There are many carrots on each side of the street.
every
- 不可以单独做主语,后面需接名词
- 表示三个/三个以上的每一个
7.5、either/neither
- either/neither做主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式
either
- 两者中的每一个
- Give the rabbit this or that carrot. Either is good.
- Either of the carrots is good.
neither
- 两者中每一个都不
- Don’t give the rabbit this or that carrot. Neither is good.
- Neither of the carrots is good.
7.6、both/all
- both/all做主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式
both 两者都
Both of the rabbits are cute.
all 三者及以上都
All of the rabbits are cute.
7.7、other/the other/another
other 另外的,其他的(+名词)
- I like this carrot. I don’t like other carrots.
the other 特指两者中的另一个
- This carrot is bigger than the other carrot
another 泛指三个/三个以上中的另一个,不确定具体是哪一个
- The rabbit doesn’t like this carrot.Give him another carrot
7.8、one/it
- The rabbit doesn’t like this carrot.Give him another one.(这里的one是不定代词)
7.9、复合不定代词
every-
- everyone
- everybody
- everything
some-
- someone
- somebody
- something
any-
- anyone
- anybody
- anything
no-
- no one
- nobody
- nothing
例句
- Everyone is here
- The rabbit needs somthing to eat
- Nothing can stop the rabbit from eating carrots
形容词在修饰复合不定代词时需要后置
- The rabbit has somrthing important to do.
- The tabbit has nothing important to do.
八、疑问代词
对不知道的人或物提出问题,需要指代未知事物的代词,类似“什么”“谁”
1、who(主格)/whom(宾格)
- who:Who saw the rabbit?
- whom:
Whom did the rabbit see? 这里可以将whom换成who
但是当疑问代词做介词的宾语,后面紧跟介词就必须用whom
From whom did the rabbit get the carrots?
但是如果把from放在句尾,又可以用who(很少用)
2、what:What did the rabbit see?
3、which:Which is the best carrot?
4、whose:Whose is this carrot?
九、连接代词
9.1、作用:引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句
9.2、种类
- who:I don’t know who you are. 引导宾语从句
- whom
- whose
- what:What he side isn’t ture. 引导主语从句
- which:The important thing is which rabbit is smarter. 引导表语从句
- whoever ever表示任何、一切,加ever之后表示强调;下同
- whomever
- whatever:The rabbit wants to eat whatever he likes.
- whichever
十、关系代词
10.1、作用:定语从句专用
10.2、种类
- who:The rabbit who became hungry ate a carrot.
- whom:The rabbit whom I saw ate a carrot.
- whose:The rabbit whose ears are long ate a carrot
- which:The rabbit ate the carrot which/that I bought.
- that
- as:The rabbit ate the carrot, as wae expected.